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}} |other_name = |settlement_type = Sub-provincial city |image_skyline = Shenzhen city montage.png |image_caption = Clockwise from top left: East Pacific Center, KK100, Shun Hing Square, Coastal City, Shenzhen Bay at night, and Shenzhen Stock Exchange |image_map = Guangdong subdivisions - Shenzhen.svg |map_caption = Location of Shenzhen City jurisdiction in Guangdong |pushpin_map = China |pushpin_label_position = more development |pushpin_map_caption = Location in China |pushpin_mapsize = |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = People's Republic of China |subdivision_type1 = Province |subdivision_name1 = Guangdong |subdivision_type2 = County-level divisions |subdivision_name2 = 6 |subdivision_type3 = |subdivision_name3 = |established_title = City |established_date = March 1979 |established_title2 = SEZ formed |established_date2 = 1 May 1980 |established_title3 = |established_date3 = |government_footnotes = |government_type = Sub-provincial city |leader_title = CPC Committee Secretary |leader_name = Ma Xingrui |leader_title1 = Mayor |leader_name1 = Xu Qin |area_magnitude = |unit_pref = |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = 2050 |area_land_km2 = |area_water_km2 = |area_water_percent = |area_urban_km2 = 1991.64 |area_metro_km2 = |population_as_of = 2013 |population_footnotes = |population_note = |population_total = 10628900 |population_density_km2 = auto |population_metro = |population_density_metro_km2 =auto |population_urban = 10630000 |population_density_urban_km2 = auto |population_blank1_title = Major ethnicities |population_blank1 =Han |population_density_blank1_km2 = |population_blank2_title = |population_blank2 = |population_demonym = Shenzhener | languages_type = Spoken Language | languages = Bo On Dialect, Guangzhou Cantonese |timezone = China Standard |utc_offset = +8 |latd= 22 |latm= 33 |latNS=N |longd=114 |longm=06 |longEW=E |coordinates_display = d |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = 0-943.7 |elevation_ft = 0-3145.7 |postal_code_type = Postal code |postal_code = 518000 |area_code = 755 |un_locode = CNSZX |blank_name = GDP |blank_info = 2014〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Shenzhen's GDP per capita reached 149.5 thousand Yuan in 2014 which ranked the first among all sub-provincial cities )〕 |blank1_name = - Total |blank1_info = CNY 1.600 trillion USD 257.76 billion |blank2_name = - per capita |blank2_info = CNY 149,500 USD 24,084 |blank3_name = - Growth |blank3_info = 8.8% |blank4_name = Licence plate prefixes |blank4_info = |blank5_name = City flower |blank5_info = Bougainvillea |blank6_name = City trees |blank6_info = Lychee and mangrove〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=ShenZhen Government Online )〕 |website = (sz.gov.cn ) |footnotes = }} Shenzhen ( ; 〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.learnchineseez.com/read-write/simplified/ )〕) is a major city in Guangdong Province, China. Situated immediately north of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, the area became China’s first and one of the most successful Special Economic Zones (SEZ). It currently also holds sub-provincial administrative status, with powers slightly less than a province. According to the Government report for 2014, Shenzhen had a population of 10,628,900 people in the city, and a metropolitan area population of over 18 million. Shenzhen’s modern cityscape is the result of its vibrant economy made possible by rapid foreign investment since the institution of the policy of “reform and opening” establishment of the SEZ in late 1979, before which it was only a market town called Sham Chun Hui (深圳墟) which the Kowloon-Canton Railway passes through. Significant sums of finance has been invested into the SEZ by both Chinese citizens and foreign nationals. More than US$30 billion in foreign investment has gone into both foreign-owned and joint ventures, at first mainly in manufacturing but more recently in the service industries as well. Shenzhen was one of the fastest-growing cities in the world during the 1990s and the 2000s. Shenzhen's population boom slowed down to less than one percent per year by 2013 as the manufacturing boom ebbed in favor of other industries.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=深圳人口数量2015 )〕 Shenzhen is a major financial center in southern China. The city is home to the Shenzhen Stock Exchange as well as the headquarters of numerous high-tech companies.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Inside Shenzhen: China's Silicon Valley )〕 It was dubbed as China's Silicon Valley due to this high concentration of technology companies. Shenzhen ranks 22nd in the 2015 edition of the Global Financial Centres Index published by the Z/Yen Group and Qatar Financial Centre Authority.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Global Financial Centres Index 17 )〕 It also has one of the busiest container ports in the world.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The JOC Top 50 World Container Ports )〕 In 2007, Shenzhen was named one of China’s ten most livable cities by Chinese Cities Brand Value Report. ==History== (詳細はMirs Bay, dating back to 5000 BC. From the Han Dynasty (third century BC) onwards, the area around Shenzhen was a center of the salt monopoly, thus meriting special Imperial protection. Salt pans are still visible around the Pearl River area to the west of the city and are commemorated in the name of Yantian District (, meaning “salt fields”).〔〔 The settlement at Nantou was the political center of the area from early antiquity. In the year 331 AD, six counties covering most of modern south-eastern Guangdong were merged into one province or “jun” (郡) named Dongguan Jun with its center at Nantou.〔〔 As well as being a center of the politically and fiscally critical salt trade, the area had strategic importance as a stopping off point for international trade. The main shipping route to India, Arabia and the Byzantine Empire started at Canton. As early as the eighth century, chronicles record the Nantou area as being a major commercial center, and reported that all foreign ships in the Canton trade would stop there. It was also as a naval defense center guarding the southern approaches to the Pearl River.〔Rule, Ted and Karen, “Shenzhen, the Book”, Hong Kong 2014〕 Shenzhen was also involved in the events surrounding the end of the Southern Song Dynasty (1276–79). The Imperial court, fleeing Kublai Khan’s forces, established itself in the Shenzhen area.The Emperor Bing, aged 8, last emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty was killed strapped to the back of Lu Xiufu, his chief minister. Lu realized all was lost and knowing the Mongolian forces would soon take over the area, he preferred suicide instead of the emperor being captured which might have brought shame to the dynasty.〔〔 In the late 19th century the Chiu or Zhao (Zhao was the Song Imperial surname) clan in Hong Kong identified that Chiwan (Chinese:赤湾), an area near Shekou as the final resting place of the Emperor and built a tomb for him. The tomb, since restored, is still in Chiwan.〔“少帝在赤湾“ Shenzhen 2005〕 Earliest known ancient records that carried the name of Shenzhen date from 1410,during the Ming Dynasty. Local people called the drains in paddy fields “zhen” (). Shenzhen () literally means “deep drains” as the area was once crisscrossed with rivers and streams, with deep drains within the paddy fields. The character is limited in distribution to an area of South China with its most northerly examples in Zhejiang Province which suggests an association with southwards migration during the Southern Song Dynasty (12th and 13th centuries).〔Zhou and You, 方言与中国文化, Shanghai Renmin Chubanshe 2006〕 The County town at Xin'an in modern Nanshan dates from the Ming Dynasty where it was a major naval center at the mouth of the Pearl River. In this capacity it was heavily involved in 1521 in the successful Chinese action against the Portuguese Fleet under Fernão Pires de Andrade. This battle, called the Battle of Tunmen, was fought in the straits between Shekou and Lintin Island.〔 Shenzhen was singled out to be the first of the five Special Economic Zones (SEZ). It was designated a city and formally established as a SEZ in 1980 due to its proximity to Hong Kong. The SEZ was created to be an experimental ground for the practice of market capitalism within a community guided by the ideals of "socialism with Chinese characteristics". Shenzhen eventually became one of the largest cities in the Pearl River Delta region, which has become one of the economic powerhouses of China as well as the largest manufacturing base in the world. In November 1979, Bao'an County () was promoted to prefecture level, directly governed by Guangdong province. It was renamed Shenzhen, after Shenzhen town, the then administrative centre of the county which stood approximately around present location of the Dongmen.〔〔 In May 1980, the southern part of Shenzhen, of size 327.5 km2 comprising the current Luohu, Futian, Nanshan, and Yantian districts was formally nominated as a "Special Economic Zone", the first one of its kind in China. In 1982 Bao'An county was reestablished though this time being a part of Shenzhen.The county was converted to become Bao'an district, which lies out of the Special Economic Zone. It was promoted to a Sub-provincial City in March 1983 was given the right of provincial-level economic administration in November 1988. With a population of 30,000 in 1980, economic development has meant that by 2008 the city has had 12 million inhabitants. For five months in 1996, Shenzhen was home to the Provisional Legislative Council and Provisional Executive Council of Hong Kong.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Legislative Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region - History of the Legislature )〕 On 1 July 2010, the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone was expanded to include all districts, a fivefold increase over its pre-expansion size. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Shenzhen」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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